# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual flow. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: This is the most common material used in the absorbent core. It is highly absorbent and helps in retaining liquid.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: SAP is a synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its own mass. It is often mixed with wood pulp to enhance the pad’s absorbency.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for quick liquid penetration.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated plastic film as the top sheet, which is designed to allow liquid to pass through quickly while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage. It is usually made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a common material for the back sheet due to its waterproof properties. It is lightweight and flexible, providing a barrier against leaks.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Some high-end pads use breathable films that allow air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to keep the pad in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to not damage the fabric. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are thermoplastic adhesives that are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling. They provide a strong bond and are commonly used in sanitary pads.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives form a bond when pressure is applied. They are often used in the wings of the pad to secure it to the underwear.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or other additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these additives can sometimes cause irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Fragrance Oils**: Used to provide a pleasant scent.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: Added for their soothing properties.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to ensure comfort, absorbency, and leak protection. Understanding these materials can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve their products. As the demand for more eco-friendly and skin-friendly options grows, the industry continues to innovate, exploring new materials and technologies to meet these needs.