# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material: Composition and Manufacturing Process

Sanitary napkins, also known as menstrual pads, are essential hygiene products used by women during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials and the manufacturing process behind these products is crucial for ensuring their quality and safety. This article delves into the composition of sanitary napkins and the steps involved in their production.

## Composition of Sanitary Napkins

Sanitary napkins are composed of several layers, each serving a specific function. The primary materials used in their construction include:

– **Top Layer (Cover Stock):** This is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It is usually made from a non-woven fabric or a perforated film that allows for quick absorption of menstrual fluid while keeping the surface dry.
– **Absorbent Core:** The core is the most critical part of the napkin, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a blend of wood pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). The SAPs can absorb many times their weight in liquid, making them highly effective.
– **Back Sheet:** The back sheet is the bottom layer of the napkin, designed to prevent leakage. It is usually made from a waterproof material such as polyethylene film.
– **Adhesive:** A pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to the back sheet to keep the napkin in place on the underwear. Some napkins also include wings with adhesive to provide additional security.
– **Release Paper:** This is a protective layer that covers the adhesive before use. It is peeled off when the napkin is ready to be applied.

## Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of sanitary napkins involves several steps, each requiring precision and adherence to hygiene standards. Here is an overview of the typical process:

1. **Preparation of Raw Materials:** The raw materials, including the top layer, absorbent core, back sheet, and adhesive, are prepared and inspected for quality. The wood pulp and SAPs are mixed to form the absorbent core.
2. **Layer Assembly:** The layers are assembled in a continuous process. The top layer is placed on a conveyor belt, followed by the absorbent core, and then the back sheet. The layers are bonded together using heat or adhesives.
3. **Cutting and Shaping:** The assembled layers are cut into individual napkin shapes. The edges are sealed to prevent leakage, and wings are added if the design includes them.
4. **Adhesive Application:** The pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to the back sheet, and the release paper is attached to protect the adhesive until use.
5. **Packaging:** The finished napkins are packaged in sterile conditions to ensure hygiene. They are typically packed in individual wrappers and then placed in larger boxes for distribution.
6. **Quality Control:** Throughout the manufacturing process, quality control checks are conducted to ensure that the napkins meet safety and performance standards. This includes testing for absorbency, leakage, and skin irritation.

## Conclusion

Sanitary napkins are a vital product for menstrual hygiene, and their composition and manufacturing process are designed to provide comfort, safety, and effectiveness. By understanding the materials and steps involved in their production, consumers can make informed choices and manufacturers can continue to improve the quality of these essential products.